Saint-Maurice-sous-les-Côtes, Church of St Maurice
It was probably in this church dating to the end of the 18th century, which escaped destruction in the First World War, that Duilio Donzelli painted his most monumental composition with its fifty-one figures depicted on the vault over the choir. The whole is reminiscent of Byzantine art with the hieraticism of the figure of Christ and the processions of figures who can be recognised by their attributes.
Here, as in the case of the decoration of several other churches in the Meuse region, the theme of Christ the King was chosen. However, the treatment of this theme is remarkable: Christ, seated on a throne at the base of the vault, wears the clothes of a Byzantine emperor. He holds a sceptre and a globe. Above him, two particularly graceful angels hold a banner bearing words spoken by Christ: “I am the way, the truth and the life”*. On either side of Christ, there are two long processions of representatives of ecclesiastical and lay societies to symbolise this universal royalty of Christ. To his right, the pope, a cardinal and a bishop, each accompanied by his retinue, a priest, monks and nuns, among other figures, can be recognised. To his left are members of lay society arranged behind an allegory of France: a family with children, soldiers including Marshal Pétain, judges and workers belonging to various trades including a miner and a blacksmith. Behind all of these figures, separated by a balustrade, symbolic monuments such as St Peter’s Basilica in Rome, the Sacré-Cœur Basilica in Paris, Verdun Cathedral and the church of St Maurice itself are depicted in grisaille. When he executed this composition, Donzelli was probably thinking of the mosaic of “Joan of Arc offering the kingdom to Christ the King” that adorns the south apse chapel of the high church of the Basilica of Bois-Chenu in Domrémy. Inaugurated in 1932, the work of the Lorin studios (on cartoons by Henri Pinta) had received a great deal of publicity because a fundraising campaign had been launched for it.
No signature is visible, but this may be because Donzelli depicted himself amid his compatriots, in his painter’s clothes, with his palette and brushes. Strong dynamics emerge from this composition due to the variety of the attitudes and the groups of figures and the gold-coloured background on which the layers of clouds are arranged in a circular pattern.
Finally, to evoke the Eucharist in this entrance to the choir, the triumphal arch is painted with scenes of grape-picking and harvests: the portrayal of agricultural labourers at work indicates Donzelli’s interest in workers, in whose struggle he shared in his youth.
* quotation taken from the gospel according to John, 14:6. The Latin text “EGO SUM VIA, VERITAS ET VITA” appears on the banner.
Hieraticism: stiff or fixed nature/appearance.