Belleville-sur-Meuse, Church of St Sébastien
The current church is the successor to a previous one which was built at the beginning of the 18th century on the site marked by a small public garden beside the cemetery, which was destroyed at the beginning of the Battle of Verdun in February 1916. It was erected 400 metres away from the previous church according to plans drawn up in February 1925 by the architect Henri Calley (1885-1959). The building, built from rubble stone, dressed stone from Lérouville and reinforced concrete, was completed in 1930.
Nine years later, in 1939, probably at the request of the parish priest, the Reverend Naviaux, Duilio Donzelli decorated its choir and triumphal arch. As in the churches of Haraumont and Mécrin, the walls of the apse depict the twelve apostles. They are turned towards the middle, which is occupied by two angels surrounding a beam of light whose purpose is to glorify Christ on the cross, who has been placed here. Each apostle can be identified from the Latin name written inside his halo and the attribute that he holds, which is often an instrument of his martyrdom. St Peter with the cross and St Paul, who holds a sword, kneel on either side of the angels. At the edges, we see the coats of arms of the bishop of Verdun, Bishop Ginisty, and popes Pius XI (1922-1939), who had just died, and Pius XII (1939-1958), who had just been elected on 2 March 1939. Lower down, a frieze of Vitruvian scrolls is interrupted by a Tetramorph. A Pantocrator surrounded by some ten or so angels wafting the vapour from their perfume burner up towards this Christ in glory is painted on the vault. The latter is reminiscent of Byzantine art and its large busts of Christ which adorned the vaults of apses in churches around the Mediterranean Basin. The triumphal arch is decorated with scenes of the Nativity and the Lamentation over the Body of Christ.
The painted compositions were enhanced with mosaic tiles, creating a bright, homogeneous and particularly successful whole. The work on the gradations, especially in the sky, is admirable and we may discern the very characteristic workmanship of Donzelli, halfway between imitation of a mosaic and pointillism. This is because the artist used juxtaposed strokes of colours forming thin lines of colour that add nuances and contrasts to the plain and often lighter background. The compositions are surrounded by two rows of small squares of different colours which imitate a mosaic. As a whole, it is one of the artist’s most accomplished works in the churches of the Meuse region.
Halo: circle or disc of light surrounding the head of holy figures, deified heroes, God or saints.
Pantocrator: Christ in majesty, i.e. represented in the attitude or with the attributes of Sovereignty.
Tetramorph: a representation of the four evangelists in their allegorical form (man for Matthew, an eagle for John, a bull for Luke and a lion for Mark) which is inspired by Ezekiel’s vision (Ez 1:1-14) and the description of the four living beings of the Revelation.
Vitruvian scroll pattern: ornamental motif consisting of continuous interlinked scrolls.