Kœur-la-Grande, Church of St Martin
Built in the 15th century in the era of René of Anjou (1409-1480) in the ogival style and altered in the 17th century, the church received painted decoration following the repairs to the choir, which was damaged during the First World War. In 1938, Duilio Donzelli covered the transept and the choir with paintings. The order came from the parish, which provided a large proportion of the funding by appealing for donations from members of the congregation in its parish newsletters.
The main theme in the decoration is the life of the church’s patron saint, Martin of Tours (316-397), which also features in the church of Cierges-sous-Montfaucon. Its story is told in five famous episodes, mostly taken from the Golden Legend of Jacobus da Varagine (circa 1230-1298). On the left, Martin is depicted as a child teaching the catechism to his companions. He is then shown sharing his cloak at the gates of the city of Amiens. In the centre, behind the high altar, the apparition of Christ in a dream to Martin is associated with the Evangelist’s words, “Come, you who are blessed by my Father, for I was naked and you clothed me” (Matthew 25:34), which echoes the episode involving the cloak: Christ is shown inside a mandorla, surrounded by angels, and holds the cloak that Martin gave away. The cycle continues on the right with two miracles: the apparition of a ball of fire during a mass celebrated by Martin and the felling of the sacred tree of the pagans who avoid being crushed when the tree falls.
The vault over the crossing bears the Tetramorph, which can often be found in Donzelli’s decoration. Here, the four symbols surround a book bearing the Greek letters A (alpha) and Ω (omega), a reminder that Christ is the beginning and the end of everything. Coats of arms can be seen on each side: to the right, that of Pius XI (pope from 1922 to 1939) surmounted by a tiara, and on the left, that of Bishop Ginisty of Verdun (1914-1946). The faux stone decoration lends unity to the whole.
The influence of Italian painting is clearly visible in the rendering of the clothes and in the background, which is occupied by architecture or naturalistic landscapes. As indicated by an inscription behind the high altar, the decoration was restored in 1993 by Duilio’s son, Dante: the differences in the colours and treatment can clearly be seen on the vaults of the transept.
Chi-Rho between Alpha and Omega: to symbolise the eternity of Christ, the first letters of his name (chi and rho) come between the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet.
Mandorla: geometrical figure resembling an almond; oval inside which holy figures are depicted in majesty.
St. Martin’s charity: an episode believed to have occurred in the winter of 337: while at a garrison in Amiens, Martin met a beggar who was naked and shivering with cold. Martin then cut his cloak and gave half of it to the poor man (he only gave half because the other half belonged to the Roman army). The following night, Christ appeared to Martin in a dream wearing the half-cloak and thanked him for this charitable gesture.
Tetramorph: a representation of the four evangelists in their allegorical form (man for Matthew, an eagle for John, a bull for Luke and a lion for Mark) which is inspired by Ezekiel’s vision (Ez 1:1-14) and the description of the four living beings of the Revelation.